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Registros recuperados: 148
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Lemierre syndrome from a neck abscess due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BJID
Abhishek,Agarwal; Sandeep,Singla; Tarun,Pandey.
Lemierre syndrome is characterized by acute septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein (IJV) that develops after an oropharyngeal infection, and can be complicated by septic emboli to lungs and other organs. The most frequent causative agent is Fusobacterium necrophorum, an anaerobic bacillus found in normal oropharyngeal flora. Staphylococcus aureus has emerged as a cause of Lemierre syndrome in the last decade. We report a case of a 24-year-old man who developed septic IJV thrombosis and necrotizing pneumonia due to S. aureus from an infected hematoma in the right sternocleidomastoid muscle. Antibiotics are the mainstay of therapy with few cases needing anticoagulation. A good outcome is dependent upon an awareness of the condition, a high...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/report Palavras-chave: Internal jugular vein thrombosis; Staphylococcus aureus; Pulmonary emboli; Septic emboli.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702013000400024
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Antibacterial effect of borage (Echium amoenum) on Staphylococcus aureus BJID
Abolhassani,Mohsen.
Borage (Echium amoenum) is a large annual plant of the Boraginaceae family, which grows in most of Europe and in northern Iran. The borage flower is used as a medicinal herb in France and other countries. Iranian borage is used in traditional medicine for infectious diseases, flu and as an anti-febrile. We tested the aqueous extract of borage dried flowers in vitro for its antibacterial activity. The extract showed concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 8327. This activity was heat resistant, but the activity of freeze-dried extract gradually diminished during a 90-day period. The traditional use of Iranian borage flowers for infectious diseases and for controlling fever appears to be justified.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Borago; Echium amoenum; Antibacterial activity; Staphylococcus aureus.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702004000500008
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Prevalence of phenotypic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates to macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin B, ketolid and linezolid antibiotics in Turkey BJID
Adaleti,Riza; Nakipoglu,Yasar; Ceran,Nurgul; Tasdemir,Cihan; Kaya,Fatma; Tasdemir,Semiha.
The incidence of drug-resistant pathogens differs greatly between countries according to differences in the usage of antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenotypic resistance of 321 methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 195 methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) in a total of 516 S. aureus strains to macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin B (MLS B), ketolid, and linezolid. Disk diffusion method was applied to determine MLS B phenotype and susceptibility to different antibiotic agents. It was found that 54.6% of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin (ERSA), 48% to clindamycin, 55% to azithromycin, 58.7% to spiramycin, 34.7% to telithromycin, and 0.4% to quinupristin-dalfopristin, respectively. No strain...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Staphylococcus aureus; Macrolide; Lincosamide; Streptogramin B; Ketolid; Linezolid; MLS B.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702010000100003
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Associated risk factors and pulsed field gel electrophoresis of nasal isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from medical students in a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria BJID
Adesida,Solayide A.; Abioye,Olusegun A.; Bamiro,Babajide S.; Brai,Bartholomew I.C.; Smith,Stella I.; Amisu,Kehinde O.; Ehichioya,Deborah U.; Ogunsola,Folasade T.; Coker,Akitoye O..
Staphylococcus aureus infections are growing problems worldwide with important implications in hospitals. The organism is normally present in the nasal vestibule of about 35% of apparently healthy individuals and its carriage varies between different ethnic and age groups. Staphylococcal nasal carriage among health workers is particularly important to establish new clones and track origin of infections during outbreak situations. To determine the carriage rate and compare the pulsed field gel patterns of the strains, nasal swabs were collected from 185 medical students in a teaching hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. Isolates of S. aureus were tested for heamolysin production, methicillin sensitivity and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed. The...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Staphylococcus aureus; PFGE; Nasal isolates; Carriage rate.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702007000100016
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Microbial quality of industrial and retail market grated parmesan cheese in the State of São Paulo, Brazil Ciência Rural
Aguilar,Carlos Eduardo Gamero; Rossi Junior,Oswaldo Durival; Vidal,Ana Maria Centola; Ribeiro,Laryssa Freitas; Rossi,Gabriel Augusto Marques.
ABSTRACT: With the objective to evaluate the hygienic and sanitary conditions of grated parmesan cheese acquired from the retail business, total 120 cheese samples were acquired: 60 of which were obtained from four different brands of cheese that were grated in factories, and the other 60 samples were obtained from another four brands of cheese that are normally acquired by retailers (supermarkets) in blocks and grated at the moment of sale. The population of heterotrophic mesophilic microorganisms ranged from 1.2×10³ to 1.1×107 colony-forming units (CFU)·g-1. All samples analyzed contained Staphylococcus spp. with populations varying from 1.2×10³ to 8.7×106CFU·g-1, from which 60.0% were classified as coagulase-positive Staphylococcus and 52.5% of the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Dairy; Food microbiology; Public health; Staphylococcus aureus.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782016001202257
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Comparative analysis of agr groups and virulence genes among subclinical and clinical mastitis Staphylococcus aureus isolates from sheep flocks of the Northeast of Brazil BJM
Almeida,Lara M. de; Almeida,Mayra Zilta P.R.B. de; Mendonça,Carla L. de; Mamizuka,Elsa M..
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most frequent mastitis causative agents in small ruminants. The expression of most virulence genes of S. aureus is controlled by an accessory gene regulator (agr)locus. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of the different agr groups and to evaluate the occurrence of encoding genes for cytotoxin, adhesins and toxins with superantigen activity in S. aureus isolates from milk of ewes with clinical and subclinical mastitis in sheep flocks raised for meat production The agr groups I and II were identified in both cases of clinical and subclinical mastitis. Neither the arg groups III and IV nor negative agr were found. The presence of cflA gene was identified in 100% of the isolates. The frequency of hla and lukE-D...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Staphylococcus aureus; Agr groups; Virulence genes; Mastitis; Sheep flock.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822013000200026
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Ocorrência de Staphylococcus sp. em água utilizada em propriedades leiteiras do Estado de São Paulo Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
Amaral,L.A.; Rossi Júnior,O.D.; Nader Filho,A.; Ferreira,F.L.A.; Barros,L.S.S..
Com o objetivo de verificar o papel da água utilizada durante a produção do leite como via de transmissão de Staphylococcus sp., fez-se a contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase negativa e Staphylococcus aureus nas amostras de água das fontes, dos reservatórios e dos estábulos de 30 propriedades leiteiras situadas na região Nordeste do Estado de São Paulo. As maiores ocorrências de isolamentos (10,0 e 16,6%) e os maiores valores médios (4,3×10(4) e 2,5×10(4)) de contagens desses microrganismos foram encontrados nas amostras de água dos estábulos utilizada na obtenção de leite. Estes resultados são importantes pois evidenciam a possibilidade de contaminação do leite ou dos animais por cepas patogênicas.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Água; Staphylococcus sp.; Staphylococcus aureus; Propriedade leiteira.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-09352003000500017
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Fontes de contaminação por Staphylococcus aureus na linha de processamento de queijo prato Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
Assumpção,E.G.; Piccoli-Valle,R.H.; Hirsch,D.; Abreu,L.R..
Com o objetivo de identificar as principais fontes de contaminação por Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus produtores de coagulase (SC+), avaliou-se o processo de fabricação de queijo prato em um laticínio de Lavras, MG, durante os meses de outubro de 2000 a abril de 2001. As análises microbiológicas foram feitas no leite cru, no leite pasteurizado resfriado, nas mãos e antebraços dos funcionários, na salmoura, na água de imersão das fôrmas e no queijo embalado. Contagens elevadas de SC+ e de S. aureus (4x10³ a 4,8x10(6) UFC/ml e 4x10³ a 3,3x10(5) UFC/ml, respectivamente) foram encontradas em quatro avaliações no leite cru. Após a pasteurização, as contagens foram reduzidas a <1 UFC/ml. Em três das cinco avaliações, o queijo prato apresentou...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Queijo prato; Staphylococcus aureus; Condição higienico-sanitária.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-09352003000300019
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Length of exposure to the hospital environment is more important than antibiotic exposure in healthcare associated infections by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a comparative study BJID
Baraboutis,Ioannis G; Tsagalou,Eleftheria P; Papakonstantinou,Ilias; Marangos,Markos N; Gogos,Charalambos; Skoutelis,Athanasios T; Bassaris,Haralambos; Johnson,Stuart.
OBJECTIVES: Both total antimicrobial use and specific antimicrobials have been implicated as risk factors for healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HCA-MRSA) infection. The aims of this study were: (I) to explore predictors of a new HCA-MRSA infection in comparison with a new healthcare-associated methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (HCA-MSSA); (II) to thoroughly assess the role of recent antibiotic use qualitatively and quantitatively. METHODS: The time-period for our study was from October 1997 through September 2001. Through applying strict criteria, we identified two groups of inpatients, one with a new HCA-MRSA infection and one with a new HCA-MSSA infection. We recorded demographic, clinical and antibiotic...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus aureus; Antibacterial agents; Fluoroquinolones.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702011000500003
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Risk of peritonitis during peritoneal dialysis in carriers of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis.
Batalha,J. E. N.; Caramori,J. C. T.; Corrente,J. E.; Montelli,A. C.; Barretti,P.; Cunha,M. L. R. S..
The presence of Staphylococcus aureus in the nasal cavities and pericatheter skin of peritoneal dialysis patients put them at high risk of developing peritonitis. However, it is not clear whether the presence of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) in the nasal passages and skin of patients is related to subsequent occurrence of peritoneal infection. The aim of the present study was to verify the relationship between endogenous sources of S. aureus and CNS and occurrence of peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Thirty-two patients on peritoneal hemodialysis were observed for 18 months. Staphylococcus species present in their nasal passage, pericatheter skin and peritoneal effluent were identified and compared based on drug...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Staphylococcus aureus; Coagulase-negative staphylococci; Carriers; Peritoneal dialysis; Peritonitis.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992006000400005
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Effect of galbanic acid, a sesquiterpene coumarin from Ferula szowitsiana, as an inhibitor of efflux mechanism in resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus BJM
Bazzaz,Bibi Sedigheh Fazly; Memariani,Zahra; Khashiarmanesh,Zahra; Iranshahi,Mehrdad; Naderinasab,Mahbobeh.
Galbanic acid, a sesquiterpene coumarin from Ferula szowitsiana roots, was investigated for its potentiating effect on the antimicrobial activity of antibiotics as well as ethidium bromide, in 6 multidrug resistance (MDR) clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Galbanic acid had inhibitory effect on none of the isolated bacteria tested (up to 800 µg /ml). The MIC range of ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and ethidium bromide, against all tested S. aureus were 10-80, 10-80 and 4-16 µg/ml, respectively. These were reduced to ≤2.5-5, 2.5-5 and 0.5-2 µg/ml in the presence of galbanic acid (300 µg /ml) or verapamil (100 µg /ml). The rate of ethidium bromide (2 µg /ml) accumulation in clinical isolates was enhanced with galbanic acid (300 µg /ml). There is also a...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Efflux pump inhibitor; Ferula szowitsiana; Galbanic acid; Staphylococcus aureus.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822010000300006
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Optimization of the RNeasy Mini Kit to obtain high-quality total RNA from sessile cells of Staphylococcus aureus BJMBR
Beltrame,C. O.; Côrtes,M. F.; Bandeira,P. T.; Figueiredo,A. M. S..
Biofilm formed by Staphylococcus aureus is considered an important virulence trait in the pathogenesis of infections associated with implantable medical devices. Gene expression analyses are important strategies for determining the mechanisms involved in production and regulation of biofilm. Obtaining intact RNA preparations is the first and most critical step for these studies. In this article, we describe an optimized protocol for obtaining total RNA from sessile cells of S. aureus using the RNeasy Mini Kit. This method essentially consists of a few steps, as follows: 1) addition of acetone-ethanol to sessile cells, 2) lysis with lysostaphin at 37°C/10 min, 3) vigorous mixing, 4) three cycles of freezing and thawing, and 5) purification of the lysate in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: RNA preparation; MRSA; Biofilm; Sessile cells; Staphylococcus aureus.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2015001201071
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Motilidade espermática e integridade acrossomal em doses de sêmen suíno refrigeradas e inoculadas com Esecherichia coli e Staphylococcus aureus Ciência Rural
Bennemann,Paulo Eduardo; Bortolozzo,Fernando Pandolfo; Wentz,Ivo; Cardoso,Marisa Ribeiro de Itapema.
Foram utilizados 12 ejaculados, coletados de maneira asséptica, distribuídos em sete tratamentos, sendo um grupo controle e os demais inoculados com três diferentes concentrações de S. aureus ou E. coli (5 x 10(5), 5 x 10(6) e 5 x 10(7) UFC/ml). Durante 96 horas, foram avaliados a motilidade espermática, o percentual de acrossomas intactos (NAR), o pH e o número de unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC/ml) das bactérias inoculadas. O desenvolvimento bacteriano foi decrescente ao longo das 96 horas de armazenamento. Com exceção do tratamento com a inoculação de 5 x 10(7) UFC de E. coli/ml, não foi observado efeito significativo das bactérias sobre a motilidade espermática (p>0,05). Da mesma forma, não houve efeito significativo (p>0,05) do S. aureus ou...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Sêmen; Acrossoma; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782000000200019
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Osteoarthritis in the neonate: risk factors and outcome BJID
Berberian,Griselda; Firpo,Verónica; Soto,Adriana; Lopez Mañan,Julio; Torroija,Cecilia; Castro,Graciela; Polanuer,Pablo; Espinola,Camilo; Piñeiro,José Luis; Rosanova,María Teresa.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify the clinical, radiological, and bacteriological features, risk factors, and outcome of neonates with bone and joint infections. STUDY DESIGN: Observational, retrospective, and analytical study of 77 patients less than 2 months of age, admitted to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with the diagnosis of bone or joint infection, based on clinical, radiological, and microbiological criteria. RESULTS: Seventy-seven patients with 99 acute osteoarthritis foci in a 16 year period were included in the study. Risk factors for infection could be identified in 69% of the patients. The hip was the most frequent. Staphylococcus aureus was the main isolated microorganism. Twenty-nine infants (38%) had...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other Palavras-chave: Osteoarthritis; Neonate; Staphylococcus aureus.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702010000400018
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Molecular identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus nasal isolates from medical students in Cartagena, Colombia BJID
Bettin,Alfonso; Causil,Ceyla; Reyes,Niradiz.
Staphylococcus aureus (SA) remains a major cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections worldwide. Nasal carriage of this bacterium among hospital personnel constitutes an important source for nosocomial infections. A cross-sectional study enrolling the whole medical student population (n = 387) of the School of Medicine at the Universidad de Cartagena, Colombia, was conducted to evaluate the carriage rates of both methicillin sensitive-and methicillin resistant-SA, the frequency of Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes in the isolates, and risk factors associated with carriage in this selected population. After signing an informed consent, participants completed a survey related to possible risk factors for colonization, and nasal swabs were...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Carrier state; Staphylococcus aureus; Methicillin resistance; Panton-Valentine leukocidin.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702012000400003
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Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in non-outbreak skin infections BJM
Bonesso,Mariana Fávero; Marques,Silvio Alencar; Camargo,Carlos Henrique; Fortaleza,Carlos Magno Castelo Branco; Cunha,Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and risk factors for the acquisition of MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) as the main cause of skin and soft tissue infections. S. aureus were characterized for the presence of PVL, TSST-1 and mecA genes. SCCmec typing was carried out in mecA positive strains and PFGE was performed only in these strains. During the study period, 127 outpatients attending a dermatology clinical the Botucatu Medical School, a regional tertiary hospital in Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil, were diagnosed with active skin infections. A total 66 (56.9%) S. aureus strains were isolated. The methicillin resistance gene mecA was detected in seven (10.6%) S. aureus strains. The SCCmec types...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Staphylococcus aureus; Resistance; Skin infections; Virulence; Epidemiology.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822014000400034
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Temporal evolution of the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary hospital in Bahia, Brazil: a nine-year evaluation study BJID
Brites,Carlos; Silva,Nanci; Sampaio- Sá,Márcia.
Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have become an increasing problem in Brazilian hospitals within the last years. In Bahia, there is scarce information on the epidemiological characteristics of MRSA infections and their determinants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the temporal evolution of MRSA infections in a private, tertiary hospital, in Salvador, the capital of the state of Bahia. We reviewed the microbiological records of bacterial isolates from the Hospital Espanhol, a 300 bed, general hospital, in Salvador. We analyzed the frequency of positive cultures for S. aureus during the last nine years, the prevalence of MRSA, and the spatial distribution of the isolates in the hospital. We also evaluated...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA; Bacterial resistance.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702006000400003
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Caracterização de biótipos de Staphylococcus aureus isolados de mastite bovina Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
Brito,M.A.V.P.; Brito,J.R.F.; Cordeiro,F.M.; Costa,W.A.; Fortes,T.O..
Duzentos e dezoito amostras de Staphylococcus aureus, isoladas de infecção intramamária de vacas de 44 rebanhos leiteiros, foram classificadas em biótipos de acordo com os testes de produção de estafiloquinase (K), beta-hemolisina (beta ), coagulação do plasma bovino (Pl) e crescimento na presença de cristal violeta (CV). As amostras foram distribuídas em 10 biótipos e 63 delas foram classificadas nas ecovariedades bovina (35), ovina (17), aviária (10) e humana (1) e 155 não apresentaram características específicas de hospedeiro. Estas últimas podem ser isoladas de homem, cabra, coelho, suíno, alimentos e de mastite bovina. O biótipo 1, encontrado com maior freqüência (37,2%), apresentou o padrão K (-), beta (+), Pl (-) e CV (azul). Em sete rebanhos nos...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Bovino; Mastite; Staphylococcus aureus; Biótipo.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-09352000000500001
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Concentração mínima inibitória de dez antimicrobianos para amostras de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas de infecção intramamária bovina Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
Brito,M.A.V.P.; Brito,J.R.F.; Silva,M.A.S.; Carmo,R.A..
Determinou-se a concentração mínima inibitória (CMI) de ampicilina, cefalotina, eritromicina, gentamicina, neomicina, norfloxacina, oxacilina, penicilina G, tetraciclina e tilosina para 112 amostras de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas de infecções intramamárias bovina, em 33 rebanhos leiteiros da Zona da Mata do Estado de Minas Gerais. Foram isoladas 24 amostras de infecção clínica, 66 de subclínica e 22 de infecção crônica. As amostras de infecção crônica foram isoladas repetidas vezes dos mesmos quartos mamários de nove vacas de um rebanho, no período de 13 meses. A CMI foi realizada em ágar Mueller Hinton, com concentrações entre 0,015 e 128µgml-1 de cada antimicrobiano. As amostras da American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) recomendadas para controle de...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Mastite bovina; Staphylococcus aureus; Susceptibilidade antimicrobiana; Concentração mínima inibitória; Beta-lactamase.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-09352001000500003
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Genotypic and phenotypic detection of capsular polysaccharides in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine intramammary infections in Argentina BJM
Camussone,C.; Rejf,P.; Pujato,N.; Schwab,A.; Marcipar,I.; Calvinho,L.F..
Staphylococcus aureus (n=157) isolated from intramammary infections in Argentine dairy areas were evaluated for presence of cap5 and cap8 loci. Isolates carrying cap5 and cap8 were serotyped using specific antisera. Sixty four percent of the isolates were genotyped as cap5 or cap8 and 50% of them expressed CP5 or 8.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Staphylococcus aureus; Capsular polysaccharides; Bovine mastitis.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822012000300023
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